Landslide prone areas of India and Mitigation strategy : Environment Geography

 LANDSLIDE

  • Process involving the downward movement of a part of the slope forming material due to the action of gravity.

  • 15% of land area prone to landslides and avalanches

  • Prone areas – Himalayas, Northeastern India and Meghalaya Plateau, Western Ghats and Nilgiris


CAUSES:

    • Tectonic- Triggered by earthquakes.

    • Slope failure

      • Soil piping

      • Soil erosion

    • Avalanches and GLOF events cause landslide

    • High intensity Rains- Cloudburst, Vagaries of Monsoon.

    • Anthropogenic factors

      • Mining and tunneling in hilly areas.

      • Deforestation and land use change patterns

      • Mismanagement of river embankments

      • Illegal construction on slopes

      • Improper management of slope

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

 

LANDSLIDE MANAGEMENT :


  • Hazard Zonation Mapping and Landslide inventory

    • Geological and geotechnical investigations – hydrological data, tectonic data, weathering patterns, slopes, springs drainages etc.


  • Adoption of scientific agriculture practices in hill slopes

    • Contour bunding, Terrace farming, Muching.

    • Agroforestry and Shelterbelt practices


  • Structural methods to prevent landslides

    • Stabilising slopes

      • Lowering the angle of the slope, or

      • Positioning infill at the foot of the slope

 

  • Surface erosion control

    • Geomats are anti-eroding biomats or bionets Geogrids made of geosynthetic materials.

    • Steel wire mesh, Wicker or brushwood mats used for reinforcement


  • Insertion of reinforcement elements into the ground

    • Large diameter wells supported by one or more crowns of consolidated and possibly reinforced earth columns

    • Anchors, Networks of micropiles, Soil nailing

    • Geogrids for reinforced ground


  • Landslide Risk management

    • Restricting Development in Landslide-Prone Areas

    • Codes for Excavation, Construction

    • Landslide insurances and Compensations


  • Landslide Early warning systems

    • People centered early warning systems – awareness of risk, information dissemination, knowledge




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