Groundwater Provinces by RL Singh

 
GROUND WATER PROVINCES : R L SINGH 
The natural ground water provinces are based on the following parameters :
1. Precipitation : Higher the precipitation, higher the ground water availability.
2. Structure of Rocks : Includes rock structural properties like porosity, permeability etc
3. Slope or Topography : Gentle slopes facilitate higher infiltration. 
4. Vegetation : Greater infiltration due to prevention of runoff of waters.  
On the basis of natural factors of ground water availability, India is divided into 8 provinces by RL Singh.
ZONE 1 : Pre-Cambrian Crystalline Province:
  • Regions : Darwar, Aravalli, Rajasthan, Bundelkhand. 
  • Consolidated shield rocks preventing water percolation, hence less availability of ground water

ZONE 2 : Pre-Cambrian Sedimentary Province:
  • Regions : Mainly constitute the Vindhya and Cuddapah formations
  • Consolidated sedimentary rocks preventing water percolation, hence less availability of ground water
ZONE 3 : Gondwana Sedimentary Province:
  • Regions : Gondwana sedimentary rocks of the Damodar and Godavari river
  • Semi consolidated rock basins and hence contain good aquifers of ground water.
ZONE 4. Deccan Trap Province:
  • Regions : Maharashtra Plateau, Malwa Bundelkhand, Malanad of Karnataka, Kathiawar uplands. 
  • Thick impermeable basalt over the surface which obstructs percolation of water, hence is deficient in ground water resources. Water availability limited to regions of rocks with fractures, joints and faults.

ZONE 5. Cenozoic Sedimentary Province:
  • Regions : Coastal areas of Gujrat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala.  
  • Rocks are tertiary sandstones and are good aquifers.
ZONE 6. Cenozoic Fault Basin:
  • Regions :  Narmada,  Tapi  tributaries and fault basin. 
  • Good aquifers with thick sand, silt and clay deposits.
ZONE 7. Ganga-Brahmaputra Alluvial Province:
  • Regions : Ganga and Brahmaputra basins
  • Richest aquifer zones due to unconsolidated sediment deposits.
ZONE 8 : Himalayan Province:
  • Region : Himalayan states of India
  • Due to steep gradient, low Ground water availability.



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