Give a classification of Plants based on the amount of water requirement. 2017 UPSC mains Geography Optional question

 Water availability

Based on survival habits of plants they are classified as : 

  • Xerophytes that can survive drought like conditions.
    • Eg Cacti, Pineapple
  • Phreatophytes develop deep roots to improve the water attaining ability. Some trees like acacia do have water storing capacity
    • Eg Welwitschia, mesquite, alfalfa
  • Succulents are plants with a shallow root system but perform maximum absorption and storing of waters especially in dry areas. 
    • Eg Aloe Vera, Crown of Thorns, Flaming Katy, Jade Plant 
  • Sclerophyllous plants tolerate seasonal drought conditions without shedding leaves.
    • Eg Scrub oak, Olive, Eucalyptus
  • Halophytes are salt resistant varieties that can survive in waterlogged conditions
    • Eg Avicenna species, sea lavender, rice grass etc
  • Hydrophytes adapt to excess water conditions like rivers Lakes etc
    • Eg Lotus, Water Lilly, Hydrilla, Valisineria, etc
  • Mesophytes are plants adapted to balanced conditions





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